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Assumptions: 24 problems total, including 3 challenge problems. There are 5 baking word problems in Part E, plus one baking problem in the Challenge. Extra practice on simplifying and on borrowing with mixed numbers is included, as you asked. All answers should be in simplest form, with improper fractions changed to mixed numbers.

Adding and Subtracting Fractions Practice: 5th Grade

Name: ________________ Date: ____________ Score: ____ / 24

Directions: Show your work. Find a common denominator first, and write every answer in simplest form. Change improper fractions to mixed numbers. No calculators.

Part A: Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators

Example: 1/4 + 1/12 = 3/12 + 1/12 = 4/12 = 1/3. Always check: can I simplify?

1. 1/2 + 1/4 = Answer: ____________

2. 1/3 + 1/6 = Answer: ____________

3. 2/5 + 1/3 = Answer: ____________

4. 1/4 + 1/2 + 1/8 = Answer: ____________

5. 7/10 + 1/2 = Answer: ____________

Part B: Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators

6. 5/6 − 1/3 = Answer: ____________

7. 3/4 − 2/3 = Answer: ____________

8. 7/8 − 1/6 = Answer: ____________

9. Find the missing number: 1/2 + ______ = 9/10 Answer: ____________

Part C: Adding Mixed Numbers

10. 1 1/4 + 2 1/2 = Answer: ____________

11. 2 1/3 + 1 1/6 = Answer: ____________

12. 1 5/6 + 2 1/2 = Answer: ____________

Part D: Subtracting Mixed Numbers (with Borrowing)

Example: 3 1/4 − 1 1/2

Common denominator: 3 1/4 − 1 2/4
1/4 is smaller than 2/4, so borrow 1 whole from the 3. That whole is 4/4, so 3 1/4 becomes 2 5/4.
Subtract: 2 5/4 − 1 2/4 = 1 3/4

13. 4 5/6 − 2 1/3 = Answer: ____________

14. 5 1/3 − 2 3/4 = Answer: ____________

15. 6 − 3 2/5 = Answer: ____________

16. Find the missing number: 4 1/2 + ______ = 7 1/6 Answer: ____________

Part E: Baking Word Problems

17. A muffin recipe uses 3/4 cup of milk and 1/3 cup of oil. How many cups of liquid does the recipe use altogether? Answer: ____________

18. Maya has 2 1/2 cups of flour. Her cookie recipe needs 1 3/4 cups of flour. How much flour will she have left after making the cookies? Answer: ____________

19. A bread recipe uses 1 2/3 cups of whole wheat flour and 2 1/6 cups of white flour. How many cups of flour does the bread need in all? Answer: ____________

20. A container holds 5 cups of sugar. A baker uses 1 1/4 cups of sugar for a cake and 2/3 cup of sugar for the frosting. How much sugar is left in the container? Answer: ____________

21. A brownie recipe calls for 2 1/4 cups of chocolate chips. Lena has only 1 5/8 cups. How many more cups of chocolate chips does she need? Answer: ____________

Challenge

22. 1 1/2 + 2 2/3 − 1 5/6 = Answer: ____________

23. Sam needs 3 cups of flour for a cake. He has two partly used bags. One bag holds 1 3/8 cups and the other holds 1 3/4 cups. Does he have enough flour? How much extra flour does he have, or how much is he short? Answer: ____________

24. Jordan says that 3 1/4 − 1 3/4 = 2 1/2. Explain Jordan's mistake, then find the correct answer. Answer: ____________________________________________

Answer Key

1. 3/4 1/2 = 2/4, so 2/4 + 1/4 = 3/4.

2. 1/2 1/3 = 2/6, so 2/6 + 1/6 = 3/6. Simplify: 3/6 = 1/2.

3. 11/15 LCD is 15: 6/15 + 5/15 = 11/15.

4. 7/8 LCD is 8: 2/8 + 4/8 + 1/8 = 7/8.

5. 1 1/5 7/10 + 5/10 = 12/10 = 1 2/10. Simplify: 1 1/5.

6. 1/2 5/6 − 2/6 = 3/6. Simplify: 1/2.

7. 1/12 LCD is 12: 9/12 − 8/12 = 1/12.

8. 17/24 LCD is 24: 21/24 − 4/24 = 17/24.

9. 2/5 9/10 − 1/2 = 9/10 − 5/10 = 4/10. Simplify: 2/5. Check: 1/2 + 2/5 = 5/10 + 4/10 = 9/10 ✓

10. 3 3/4 1 1/4 + 2 2/4 = 3 3/4.

11. 3 1/2 2 2/6 + 1 1/6 = 3 3/6. Simplify: 3 1/2.

12. 4 1/3 1 5/6 + 2 3/6 = 3 8/6. 8/6 = 1 2/6, so 3 + 1 2/6 = 4 2/6. Simplify: 4 1/3.

13. 2 1/2 4 5/6 − 2 2/6 = 2 3/6. Simplify: 2 1/2. (No borrowing needed.)

14. 2 7/12 5 4/12 − 2 9/12. Since 4/12 is smaller than 9/12, borrow: 5 4/12 = 4 16/12. 4 16/12 − 2 9/12 = 2 7/12.

15. 2 3/5 Borrow: 6 = 5 5/5. 5 5/5 − 3 2/5 = 2 3/5.

16. 2 2/3 7 1/6 − 4 1/2 = 7 1/6 − 4 3/6. Borrow: 6 7/6 − 4 3/6 = 2 4/6. Simplify: 2 2/3. Check: 4 1/2 + 2 2/3 = 4 3/6 + 2 4/6 = 6 7/6 = 7 1/6 ✓

17. 1 1/12 cups 3/4 + 1/3 = 9/12 + 4/12 = 13/12 = 1 1/12 cups.

18. 3/4 cup 2 2/4 − 1 3/4. Borrow: 1 6/4 − 1 3/4 = 3/4 cup.

19. 3 5/6 cups 1 4/6 + 2 1/6 = 3 5/6 cups.

20. 3 1/12 cups Sugar used: 1 1/4 + 2/3 = 1 3/12 + 8/12 = 1 11/12 cups. Sugar left: 5 − 1 11/12. Borrow: 4 12/12 − 1 11/12 = 3 1/12 cups.

21. 5/8 cup 2 1/4 − 1 5/8 = 2 2/8 − 1 5/8. Borrow: 1 10/8 − 1 5/8 = 5/8 cup.

22. 2 1/3 Add first: 1 3/6 + 2 4/6 = 3 7/6. Subtract: 3 7/6 − 1 5/6 = 2 2/6. Simplify: 2 1/3.

23. Yes, he has 1/8 cup extra. 1 3/8 + 1 6/8 = 2 9/8 = 3 1/8 cups. 3 1/8 − 3 = 1/8 cup extra.

24. 1 1/2 Jordan's mistake: 1/4 is smaller than 3/4, so Jordan should have borrowed. Instead, Jordan subtracted the smaller fraction from the larger one (3/4 − 1/4). Correct way: 3 1/4 = 2 5/4, then 2 5/4 − 1 3/4 = 1 2/4 = 1 1/2. Accept any explanation that says Jordan needed to borrow, or that Jordan flipped the fractions.

Skills covered

Finding common denominators (least common denominator)
Adding and subtracting fractions with unlike denominators
Simplifying answers and changing improper fractions to mixed numbers
Adding mixed numbers, including regrouping extra wholes
Subtracting mixed numbers with borrowing, including subtracting from a whole number
Missing-value problems and checking w

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